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The Duchy of Florence ((イタリア語:Ducato di Firenze)) was an Italian principality that was centred on the city of Florence, in Tuscany, Italy. The duchy was founded after Emperor Charles V restored Medici rule to Florence in 1530. Pope Clement VII, himself a Medici, appointed his relative Alessandro de' Medici as Duke of the Florentine Republic, thereby transforming the Republic of Florence into a hereditary monarchy. The second Duke, Cosimo I, established a strong Florentine navy and expanded his territory, purchasing Elba and conquering Siena. In 1569, the Pope declared Cosimo grand duke of Tuscany. The Medici ruled the Grand Duchy of Tuscany until 1737.〔Strathern, Paul : ''Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance'' (Vintage Publishers), London, ISBN 978-0-099-52297-3〕 ==Origins and Constitution== Florence had been under informal Medici control since 1434. During the War of the League of Cognac, the Florentines rebelled against the Medici, then represented by Ippolito de' Medici, and restored the freedom of their republic.〔Frieda, Leonie, p. 29〕〔(Historyworld.net )〕 Following the Republic's surrender in the Siege of Florence, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor issued a proclamation explicitly stating that he and he alone could determine the government of Florence.〔Hale, J.R.: Florence and the Medici, Orion books, London, ISBN 1-84212-456-0, p. 118.〕 On 12 August 1530, the Emperor created the Medici hereditary rulers (''capo'') of the ''Republic'' of Florence.〔〔Hale, 119〕 Pope Clement VII intended his relative〔Allessandro is usually considered an illegitimate son of Lorenzo II, Duke of Urbino, though some historians suggest that Clement himself was the father.〕 Alessandro de' Medici to be the ruler of Florence, but also wanted to give the impression that the Florentines had democratically chosen Alessandro as their ruler.〔 The title "duke of Florence" was chosen because it would bolster Medici power in the region.〔Frieda, Leonie, ''Catherine de Medici'' (Phoenix) ISBN 0-7538-2039-0〕 In April 1532, the Pope convinced the ''Balía'', Florence's ruling commission, to draw up a new constitution, which formally created a hereditary monarchy. It abolished the age-old ''signoria'' (elective government) and the office of ''gonfaloniere'' (titular head-of-state elected for a two month-term) and replaced it with three institutions: *the ''consigliere'', a four-man council elected for a three-month term, headed by the "Duke of the Florentine Republic". *the Senate, composed of forty-eight men, chosen by the ''Balía'', was vested with the prerogative of determining Florence's financial, security, and foreign policies. Additionally, the senate appointed the commissions of war and public security, and the governors of Pisa, Arezzio, Prato, Voltera and Cortona and ambassadors.〔Hale, p 121〕 *the Council of Two Hundred was a petitions court; membership was for life. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Duchy of Florence」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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